Horace Davey, Baron Davey, PC, FRS, FBA (30 August 183320 February 1907) was an

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judge and

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politician.

Background and education

Davey was the son of Peter Davey, of

Horton, Buckinghamshire Horton is a hamlet (place), hamlet in the parish of Ivinghoe, in Buckinghamshire, England. It is in the civil parish of Slapton, Buckinghamshire, Slapton. The name ''Horton (disambiguation), Horton'' is a common one in England. It derives fro ...

and Caroline Emma Pace, and was born in Camberwell, Surrey. He was educated at

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and

University College, Oxford University College (in full The College of the Great Hall of the University of Oxford, colloquially referred to as "Univ") is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It has a claim to being the oldest college of the univer ...

, where he matriculated on 20 March 1852.Debretts House of Commons and the Judicial Bench 1881
/ref> He took a double first-class in Classics and Mathematics (Moderations and Finals), was senior mathematical scholar and Eldon law scholar (1859), and was elected a Fellow of his college (1856–67). Having achieved a BA (1856), and an MA (1859) Davey decided on a career in the law. He was admitted to

Lincoln's Inn The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn is one of the four Inns of Court in London to which barristers of England and Wales belong and where they are called to the Bar. (The other three are Middle Temple, Inner Temple and Gray's Inn.) Lincoln ...

on 19 January 1857. On 26 January 1861, he was

called to the Bar The call to the bar is a legal term of art in most common law jurisdictions where persons must be qualified to be allowed to argue in court on behalf of another party and are then said to have been "called to the bar" or to have received "call to ...

. Almost as soon as he started work as a law reporter, he married the following summer, on 5 August 1862. He was employed on young titles such as ''New Reports'', when he joined in marriage Louisa Hawes Donkin at St George's, Camberwell. She was the daughter of

John Donkin John Donkin (1802–1854) was a British engineer. He was a son of Bryan Donkin and worked in this father's company in Bermondsey, primarily on paper-making equipment. He married Caroline Hawes, granddaughter of William Hawes, notable as founder ...

of Ormond House, Old Kent Road, a civil engineer. Davey's success at law reporting allowed him to read in the chambers of

John Wickens Sir John Wickens (13 June 1815 – 25 October 1873) was an English barrister and judge. Life The second son of James Stephen Wickens of Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, London by his wife, Anne Goodenough, daughter of John Hayter of Winterbourne ...

, 8 New Square, Lincoln's Inn. As an Equity pleader and early pupillage, he became a junior counsel at the Treasury, devilling in Chancery. When

was promoted as Vice-Chancellor to Chancery division, he went with his old master, as his secretary. He continued in the post (1873–74) when Vice-Chancellor Hall gained office. On the basis of this experience he was recommended for

silk Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons. The best-known silk is obtained from the coc ...

on 23 June 1875. He selected to join Sir George Jessel's court, often appearing before the redoubtable Joseph Chitty. Quickly moved to the House of Lords, Davey had rapidly developed a reputation for argumentation at the bar. Viscount Alverstone called him "the most brilliant barrister." As counsel his well-known cases included: ''Speight v. Gaunt'' (1883), ''Learoyd v. Whiteley'' (1887), ''Derry v. Peek'' (1889).

Lord Haldane Richard Burdon Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane, (; 30 July 1856 – 19 August 1928) was a British lawyer and philosopher and an influential Liberal and later Labour politician. He was Secretary of State for War between 1905 and 1912 during w ...

, himself, the greatest intellectual philosopher-politician of his generation described Davey as "the finest advocate on pure points of law..." Lord MacNaughten believed that there was no one better at "arguing a point of practice."

Legal career

Devoting himself to the Chancery side, Davey soon acquired a large practice, and in 1875 became a

Queen's Counsel In the United Kingdom and in some Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth countries, a King's Counsel (Post-nominal letters, post-nominal initials KC) during the reign of a king, or Queen's Counsel (post-nominal initials QC) during the reign of ...

In 1880, he was returned to

Parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...

as a

for

Christchurch Christchurch ( ; mi, Ōtautahi) is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand and the seat of the Canterbury Region. Christchurch lies on the South Island's east coast, just north of Banks Peninsula on Pegasus Bay. The Avon River / ...

, but lost his seat in 1885. On

Gladstone William Ewart Gladstone ( ; 29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898) was a British statesman and Liberal politician. In a career lasting over 60 years, he served for 12 years as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, spread over four non-conse ...

's return to power in 1886, he was appointed Solicitor-General and was

knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state (including the Pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity. Knighthood finds origins in the Gr ...

ed, but had no seat in the

House of Commons The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of parliament. ...

, being defeated at both

Ipswich Ipswich () is a port town and borough in Suffolk, England, of which it is the county town. The town is located in East Anglia about away from the mouth of the River Orwell and the North Sea. Ipswich is both on the Great Eastern Main Line r ...

and

Stockport Stockport is a town and borough in Greater Manchester, England, south-east of Manchester, south-west of Ashton-under-Lyne and north of Macclesfield. The River Goyt and Tame merge to create the River Mersey here. Most of the town is within ...

in 1886; in 1888 he found a seat at

Stockton-on-Tees Stockton-on-Tees, often simply referred to as Stockton, is a market town in the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees in County Durham, England. It is on the northern banks of the River Tees, part of the Teesside built-up area. The town had an estimated ...

, but was rejected by that constituency in 1892. Davey was standing counsel to the University of Oxford, and senior counsel to the Charity Commissioners, and was engaged in all the important Chancery suits of his time. Among the chief leading cases in which he took a prominent part were those of ''The Mogul Steamship Company v. M'Gregor, Gow & Co.'', 1892, ''Boswell v. Coaks'', 1884, ''Erlanger v. New Sombrero Company'', 1878, and the ''Ooregum Gold Mines Company v. Roper'', 1892; he was counsel for the promoters in the trial of Edward King,

Bishop of Lincoln The Bishop of Lincoln is the ordinary (diocesan bishop) of the Church of England Diocese of Lincoln in the Province of Canterbury. The present diocese covers the county of Lincolnshire and the unitary authority areas of North Lincolnshire and ...

, and leading counsel in the Berkeley peerage case. In 1893, he was raised to the bench as a

Lord Justice of Appeal A Lord Justice of Appeal or Lady Justice of Appeal is a judge of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, the court that hears appeals from the High Court of Justice, the Crown Court and other courts and tribunals. A Lord (or Lady) Justice ...

, and on 18 August the next year was made a

Lord of Appeal in Ordinary Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, commonly known as Law Lords, were judges appointed under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 to the British House of Lords, as a committee of the House, effectively to exercise the judicial functions of the House of ...

and a

life peer In the United Kingdom, life peers are appointed members of the peerage whose titles cannot be inherited, in contrast to hereditary peers. In modern times, life peerages, always created at the rank of baron, are created under the Life Peerages ...

as Baron Davey, ''of

Fernhurst Fernhurst is a village and civil parish in the Chichester District of West Sussex, England, on the A286 Milford, Surrey, to Chichester road, south of Haslemere. The parish includes the settlements of Henley Common, Kingsley Green and Bell Vale, ...

in the

County of Sussex Sussex (), from the Old English (), is a historic county in South East England that was formerly an independent medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom. It is bounded to the west by Hampshire, north by Surrey, northeast by Kent, south by the English ...

''. Lord Davey's great legal knowledge was displayed in his judgments no less than at the bar. In legislation, he was a keen promoter of the act passed in 1906 for the checking of

gambling Gambling (also known as betting or gaming) is the wagering of something of value ("the stakes") on a random event with the intent of winning something else of value, where instances of strategy are discounted. Gambling thus requires three el ...

Political career

Davey was not renowned as an MP. However, when the

National Liberal Club The National Liberal Club (NLC) is a London private members' club, open to both men and women. It was established by William Ewart Gladstone in 1882 to provide club facilities for Liberal Party campaigners among the newly enlarged electorate f ...

offered the seat of

he took the opportunity. Elected in April 1880, he lost at the General Election of November 1885. On 16 February 1886, Gladstone appointed him the Solicitor-general in his government. He was knighted during the short government on 8 March 1886. Between 1886 and December 1888, he was seated at

. From 1888 he was MP for

, but lost again in July 1892 at the

General Election A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...

Judicial career

Having left parliament for the last time Davey was appointed as a

bencher A bencher or Master of the Bench is a senior member of an Inn of Court in England and Wales or the Inns of Court in Northern Ireland, or the Honorable Society of King's Inns in Ireland. Benchers hold office for life once elected. A bencher can ...

in Lincoln's Inn, on being promoted to the Court of Appeal on 23 September 1893. By 23 November he was sworn to the Privy Council. ''Monson v. Tussauds Ltd'' (1894) was a case that determined the future of a museum. On 13 August, Davey was made a

. In 1877, Lord Russell of Killowen divorced his wife, in ''Russell v. Russell'' (1897). She accused him of homosexuality, and unwisely used this as grounds for mental cruelty, as he had denied her a judicial separation. In the famous Wee Frees Case, ''General Assembly of Free Church of Scotland'' (1906) the Great War intervened to withhold a judgement. The occasion of a united church of Presbyterians caused the sale of property, the church lost £2 m of real property. Haldane, acting for the church successfully argued the case in point, but lost the decision, although he won the deeds of property. Nonetheless Parliament legislated at the transfer was ordered. The case of ''Salomon v. Salomon'' (1896) was a precedent for many years on the nature of company law and incorporation. The case of ''Allen v. Flood'' (1898) symbolized the number of political arguments between Liberals, like Davey and the Conservative Lord Halsbury, over the propriety of Trade Union rights. ''Walter v. Lane'' (1900) was a case about the law of copyright for reporters. ''Burland v. Earle'' (1901) was the fraud in the exception to the contract rules since 1843 in ''Foss v. Harbottle'' (1901). ''Noakes Co v. Rice'' (1901) and ''Bradley v. Carritt'' (1903) were cases about the collateral benefits in mortgage laws. In ''Ruben v. G. Fingall Cons'' (1906) it was established the effects of a forged certificate on a company. In 1905, Davey approached the Liberal leader

Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman ( né Campbell; 7 September 183622 April 1908) was a British statesman and Liberal politician. He served as the prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1905 to 1908 and leader of the Liberal Party from 1899 to 19 ...

to become

Lord Chancellor The lord chancellor, formally the lord high chancellor of Great Britain, is the highest-ranking traditional minister among the Great Officers of State in Scotland and England in the United Kingdom, nominally outranking the prime minister. The ...

in the new government, but was turned down in favour of Lord Loreburn. Davey and Lord Lindley were perhaps the greatest intellects of their generation. Lord MacNaughten, himself a powerful thinker, called Davey "the most lawyer of his day."

Court appointments

Davey was counsel to Oxford University, 1877–93. He was made an honorary fellow of

in 1884, and an honorary DCL by the

University of Oxford , mottoeng = The Lord is my light , established = , endowment = £6.1 billion (including colleges) (2019) , budget = £2.145 billion (2019–20) , chancellor ...

in 1894. On 24 Jan 1895, Davey was made a

Fellow of the Royal Society Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the judges of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural science, natural knowledge, incl ...

(FRS). As Treasurer of Lincoln's Inn he headed the Inn of Court, in 1897. Partly due to the influence of his friend, Richard Haldane, Lord Davey was appointed Chairman of the Royal Commission to reconstitute the Statutes of the University of London (1897–98). He was also a

Fellow of the British Academy Fellowship of the British Academy (FBA) is an award granted by the British Academy to leading academics for their distinction in the humanities and social sciences. The categories are: # Fellows – scholars resident in the United Kingdom # C ...

from 1905.

Family

Lord Davey married Louisa Donkin in 1862. He died in

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

in February 1907, aged 74. He was survived by his wife and two sons and four daughters. Lord Davey died on Wednesday, 20 February 1907, at 86 Brook Street, London W1, of acute bronchitis. He was buried at Forest Row, East Grinstead, three days later.His will was granted probate on 3 April 1907, worth £172,398 14s 6d.

Arms

References

Bibliography

* R B Haldane, ''An Autobiography'' (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1929)

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Davey, Horace, The Lord 1833 births 1907 deaths People educated at Rugby School Alumni of University College, Oxford Fellows of University College, Oxford Knights Bachelor Law lords Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies People from Fernhurst People from Christchurch, Dorset UK MPs 1880–1885 UK MPs 1886–1892 UK MPs who were granted peerages Solicitors General for England and Wales Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council Fellows of the Royal Society Fellows of the British Academy English King's Counsel Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom People from Camberwell Life peers created by Queen Victoria